Nin CS, de Souza VV, do Amaral RH, Schuhmacher Neto R, Alves GR, Marchiori E, Irion KL, Balbinot F, Meirelles GS, Santana P, Gomes AC, Hochhegger B. Thoracic lymphadenopathy in benign diseases: A state of the art review. The Extrapulmonary Manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis on Chest High Resolution Computed Tomography. Farrokh D, Abbasi B, Fallah-Rastegar Y, Mirfeizi Z. Chest CT in patients with scleroderma: prevalence of asymptomatic esophageal dilatation and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Bhalla M, Silver RM, Shepard JA, McLoud TC. (2018) Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR. A White Paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee. Managing Incidental Findings on Thoracic CT: Mediastinal and Cardiovascular Findings. Munden RF, Carter BW, Chiles C, MacMahon H, Black WC, Ko JP, McAdams HP, Rossi SE, Leung AN, Boiselle PM, Kent MS, Brown K, Dyer DS, Hartman TE, Goodman EM, Naidich DP, Kazerooni EA, Berland LL, Pandharipande PV. Benign mediastinal lymphadenopathy in congestive heart failure. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in congestive heart failure: a sequential CT evaluation with clinical and echocardiographic correlations.

Chabbert V, Canevet G, Baixas C, Galinier M, Deken V, Duhamel A, Otal P, Joffre F, Remy J, Remy-Jardin M. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon A rare manifestation of rheumatoid pulmonary disease. Martinez FJ, Karlinsky JB, Gale ME et-al. Evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes using F-FDG PET-CT scan and its histopathologic correlation. doi:10.1148/radiographics.607 - Pubmed citation Imaging of mediastinal lymph nodes: CT, MR, and FDG PET. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy: diagnostic yield of transbronchial mediastinal lymph node biopsy with CT fluoroscopic guidance-initial experience. Goldberg SN, Raptopoulos V, Boiselle PM et-al. Related to congestive cardiac failure 7,8,13 Pulmonary manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (rare) 5 Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in interstitial lung disease Smoking: maybe present in approximately 50% of heavy smokers 15 Lymphomatoid granulomatosis - pulmonary manifestations of lymphomatoid granulomatosisĪngioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphomaĬertain non-lymphomatous pulmonary lymphoid disorders Metastatic malignancies to the mediastinum from other sites

Sarcoidosis (see: pulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis) The spectrum of conditions that can result in mediastinal lymphadenopathy is extremely diverse and includes: Moreover, disease begins in normal sized lymph nodes which enlarge with disease progression. Ideally, the term lymphadenopathy would be applied only to diseased lymph nodes however this distinction may require pathological analysis. The term mediastinal lymphadenopathy implies lymph node disease and is not synonymous with mediastinal lymph node enlargement. Enlarged lymph nodes may be simply reactive as in most bacterial pneumonias, or diseased due to invasion by e.g.

Shotty paraesophageal lymph node